Differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia are :
-acute stage of pancreatitis -renal failure -hypoparathyroidism -hypoproteinemia -malabsorption syndrome -osteomalacia of vitamin D deficiency or resistance to vitamin D
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Differential diagnosis of raised serum amylase are :
-intestinal obstruction -salivary gland tumors -pseudocyst of pancreas -perforated peptic ulcer -acute pancreatitis Differential diagnosis of low ceruloplasmin are :
-fulminant hepatic failure -malabsorption syndrome -protein losing enteropathy -severe chronic liver failure -Wilson's disease Differential diagnosis of alpha feto protein are :
-embryonal tumor of the testes -hepatoma -hepatoblastoma -ataxia telangiectasia -acute viral hepatitis -chronic viral hepatitis -epithelial carcinoma of the foregut Differential diagnosis of gynecomastia are :
-hemochromatosis -lepromatous leprosy -cirrhosis -Klinfeelter Syndrome -myotonic dystrophy -testicular atrophy -males at puberty -estrogen secreting tumor of adrenal gland -African Human Trypanosomiasis -drugs - digitalis, reserpine, spironolactone, cimetidine, estrogen for prostate cancer, alpha methyldopa and busulfan -hyperthyroidism -lymphoma -leukemia -hepatoma -large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma ( bronchogenic carcinoma) Differential diagnosis of hyperkalemia ( intracellular to extracellular potassium shift ) are :
-insulin deficiency -acidosis -heavy exercise -succinylcholine -hyperkalemic periodic paralysis -digitalis intoxication -beta blocking agent Differential diagnosis of pseudohyperkalemia are :
-thrombocytosis -leukocytosis -in vitro hemolysis -torniquet use Differential diagnosis of hypernatremia ( loss of water due to excess in sodium) are :
-peritoneal dialysis -skin loss ( burns) -sweating -drugs - vinblastine, colchicine, amphothericin B, methoxyflurane, sulfonylureas, alcohol, lithium, diuretics and phenytoin -hypokalemia -decreased intake of protein -hypercalcemia -excessive use of diuretics -prolonged excessive intake of water -multiple myeloma -Sjogren Syndrome -sarcoidosis -amyloidosis -congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus -sickle cell trait -sickle cell disease -vomiting -intestinal fistula -post hypophysectomy -trauma to the head -Wegener Granulomatosis -tuberculosis -histiocytosis -syphilis -neoplasm -infection of the central nervous system -Sheehan Syndrome -aneurysm cerebrovascular accident -osmotic diuresis -post obstructive diuresis -partial obstruction of the urinary tract -mannitol -infant's formula -tube feeding -diuretic phase of acute renal failure -medullary cystic disease -polycystic disease -chronic renal failure Differential diagnosis of hypernatremia ( excessive intake of sodium) are :
-iatrogenic administration of sodium such as sodium bicarbonate ( in cardio pulmonary resuscitation) or treating lactic acidosis. -deliberate or accidental ingestion of large quantities of sodium -drowning or ingestion of the seawater -excessive glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids due to ectopic ACTH production, Cushing Syndrome and primary aldosteronism Differential diagnosis of hypernatremia ( due to pure water loss) are :
-increased insensible loss -hypothalamic lesions ( impaired thirst drive) -coma, infancy, dementia - inability to swallow or obtaining water |
AuthorLearn the differential diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Archives
June 2018
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